@conference {161, title = {An HLA-based BPMN extension for the specification of business process collaborations}, booktitle = {Proceedings - 2017 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, DS-RT 2017}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, organization = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {

Inter-organization business process collaboration is one of the most significant factors driving today{\textquoteright}s global business development. Such collaborations are typically composed by various processes executed by different organizations and are often difficult to specify and analyze, due to their distributed nature and to data interoperability issues. The standard notation for business process modeling, namely BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), only provides a limited support to the specification of collaborations. This paper introduces a data model extension of BPMN inspired by the HLA (High Level Architecture) distributed simulation standard. In addition, the paper proposes a metamodel-based mapping from BPMN to HLA, which can be seen as a significant step towards the implementation of a conceptual framework for specifying and analyzing collaborative business processes by use of distributed simulation approaches. {\textcopyright} 2017 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Business process collaborations, Business process model, Collaborative business process, Conceptual frameworks, Data interoperability, Distributed simulations, High level architecture, Inter-organization, Specifications, Systems engineering}, isbn = {9781538640289}, doi = {10.1109/DISTRA.2017.8167668}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042934707\&doi=10.1109\%2fDISTRA.2017.8167668\&partnerID=40\&md5=6c81677377651843e2f16ce6cf4cc261}, author = {Bocciarelli, P. and D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio, A. and Paglia, E. and Giglio, A.} } @conference {150, title = {A PAAS-Based framework for automated performance analysis of service-oriented systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, organization = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {

Service-oriented systems are often at the core of mission- or business-critical systems, and thus advanced quantitative analysis techniques are needed to assess, from the early development stages, whether or not the system accomplishes the stakeholder requirements and constraints. In this respect, in order to take advantage of the distributed nature of the considered systems, the use of distributed simulation (DS) appears the most natural and effective simulation approach. Nevertheless, the integration of traditional system development processes with DS approaches can be cost-And time-demanding. This paper presents SOAsim, a highly automated framework that allows system designers to generate the executable DS code from the model-based specification of the system under study, by use of automated model transformations. Moreover, in order to reduce the costs of setting-up dedicated DS platforms, SOAsim also automates the DS deployment and execution over a cloud-based infrastructure, according to a Platform-As-A-Service (PaaS) paradigm. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Automated model transformations, Automated performance analysis, Automation, Computer aided software engineering, Development stages, Distributed simulations, Model-based specifications, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Service Oriented Systems, Simulation approach, Traditional systems}, isbn = {9781509044863}, doi = {10.1109/WSC.2016.7822154}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014155535\&doi=10.1109\%2fWSC.2016.7822154\&partnerID=40\&md5=588d85610cba0fbef476d22e0f4a006f}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio, A. and Bocciarelli, P. and Mastromattei, A.}, editor = {Roeder T.M., Szechtman R., Frazier P.I., Zhou E.} } @conference {Bocciarelli2015213, title = {A model-driven framework for distributed simulation of autonomous systems}, booktitle = {Simulation Series}, volume = {47}, number = {8}, year = {2015}, note = {cited By 1}, pages = {213-220}, publisher = {The Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, organization = {The Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, abstract = {

The adoption of systems with autonomous capabilities is becoming more and more relevant in many real-world operational scenarios, in which risky operations have to be carried out (e.g., a military battlefield or a search-and-rescue operation). In this context, innovative approaches should be introduced at design time to ensure that the system will achieve the mission objectives at operation time. To this purpose, distributed simulation techniques have shown to be effective to deal with the inherent complexity of the environment to be simulated, which generally includes several interacting entities. Unfortunately, currently available distributed simulation standards, such as HLA (High Level Architecture), require a non-negligible effort and significant skills in terms of both simulation methodologies and related implementation technologies. In this respect, this paper focuses on the simulationbased analysis of systems with autonomous capabilities and introduces a model-driven approach to support the automated generation of HLA-based distributed simulations. The proposed approach is founded on the use of model transformation techniques and allows system designers to carry out a timely and cost-effective simulation-based analysis of the operational system without being required to own specific distributed simulation skills. {\textcopyright} 2015 Society for Modeling \& Simulation International (SCS).

}, keywords = {Autonomous systems, Cost effectiveness, Distributed simulation techniques, Distributed simulations, MDA, Model driven development, Model transformation technique, Search and rescue operations, Simulation-based analysis, Software architecture}, issn = {07359276}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928155948\&partnerID=40\&md5=9e8205a446169e040469dff647e9cfa3}, author = {Bocciarelli, P. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Giglio, A. and Paglia, E.}, editor = {Wang M.H., Barros F., D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio A., Zacharewicz G.} } @conference {Bocciarelli2013218, title = {4SEE: A model-driven simulation engineering framework for business process analysis in a SaaS paradigm}, booktitle = {Simulation Series}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {cited By 1}, pages = {218-225}, abstract = {The intrinsic geographical distribution and the increasing complexity are two significant properties of modern business processes (BPs) that have not been fully addressed by existing simulation tools for BP analysis. Quantitative analysis of BPs is essential both at design time, to predict the BP quality of service (QoS), and at execution time, to dynamically reconfigure the BP and guarantee the pre-agreed QoS. In this respect, this work proposes a model-driven QoS-aware framework for simulation-based quantitative analysis of BPs. Specifically, the framework adopts a distributed simulation approach that replicates the service-oriented infrastructure of a BP into the corresponding simulation infrastructure based on the HLA-Evolved standard. The proposed framework assumes a scenario in which service providers publish a set of simulation-oriented services that can be subsequently used by interested consumers to dynamically discover and evaluate the QoS of the offered services. Key to the economical feasibility of this scenario is that a model-driven approach is used to automate the derivation of the simulation software from the BPMN (Business Process Model \& Notation) models of the actual BPs. The paper presents both the proposed model-driven framework, named 4SEE, and an example application to a BP for an e-commerce scenario.}, keywords = {Business process analysis, Business process model, Computer simulation, Computer software, Distributed simulations, Economical feasibility, Model driven approach, Quality of service, Service-oriented infrastructures, Simulation engineering, Simulation software}, isbn = {9781627480321}, issn = {07359276}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876848381\&partnerID=40\&md5=735bc33d9335c85e8f26a7d6dfe860c8}, author = {Bocciarelli, P. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D.} } @conference {Bocciarelli2012, title = {A model-driven method for building distributed simulation systems from business process models}, booktitle = {Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference}, year = {2012}, note = {cited By 6}, abstract = {The analysis of modern business processes implemented as orchestration of software services demands for new approaches that explicitly take into account the inherent complexity and distribution characteristics of such processes. In this respect, Distributed Simulation (DS) offers a viable tool to cope with such a demand, due to the aggregation, scalability, representativeness and load balancing properties that it allows to achieve. However, the use of DS is mostly limited by the specialized technical know-how and the extra-development that DS requires with respect to approaches based on conventional local simulation. This paper proposes a model-driven method that enables the DS-based analysis of business processes by introducing the automated transformation of business process models into analysis models that are specified as Extended Queueing Network (EQN) models and executed as distributed simulations. The paper also presents an example application to a business process for an e-commerce scenario. {\textcopyright} 2012 IEEE.}, keywords = {Analysis models, Automated transformations, Business Process, Business process model, Computer simulation, Distributed computer systems, Distributed simulation systems, Distributed simulations, Distribution characteristics, Inherent complexity, Load balancing properties, Model-driven method, New approaches, Software services, Technical know hows, Technology transfer}, isbn = {9781467347792}, issn = {08917736}, doi = {10.1109/WSC.2012.6465106}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874755866\&partnerID=40\&md5=8d358a15fcb545b3725d825b701fc795}, author = {Bocciarelli, P. and Pieroni, A. and Gianni, D. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio} } @conference {Gianni2012, title = {Model-driven performance prediction of HLA-based distributed simulation systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference}, year = {2012}, note = {cited By 3}, abstract = {Performance models offer a convenient tool to assess design alternatives and predict the execution time of distributed simulation (DS) systems at design time, before system implementation. Currently, performance models are to be manually developed and the related extra effort often becomes the limiting factor for their cost- and time-effective use. In this paper, we aim to reduce this extra effort with the introduction of a model-driven method for the automated building of performance models whose evaluation provides a prediction about of the execution time of a distributed simulation system. As such, the method contributes to bring software performance engineering techniques into the distributed simulation system lifecycle. In particular, we show how the SysML-based specification of the system to be simulated and the design documents of the DS system can be used to derive the topology and the parameters of a performance model specified according to the Extended Queueing Network formalism. {\textcopyright} 2012 IEEE.}, keywords = {Automated buildings, Computer simulation, Design, Design alternatives, Design documents, Design time, Distributed computer systems, Distributed simulation systems, Distributed simulations, Execution time, Forecasting, Model-driven, Model-driven method, Performance Model, Performance prediction, Software performance engineerings, System implementation, Topology}, isbn = {9781467347792}, issn = {08917736}, doi = {10.1109/WSC.2012.6465255}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874698997\&partnerID=40\&md5=a02b093d52a8995b3774ab0d2df86fb2}, author = {Gianni, D. and Bocciarelli, P. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio} } @conference {Iazeolla201036, title = {A distributed approach to the simulation of inherently distributed systems}, booktitle = {Simulation Series}, volume = {42}, number = {1 BOOK 4}, year = {2010}, note = {cited By 0}, pages = {36-45}, abstract = {Inherently distributed systems are systems that are distributed by their own nature; in other words, they are composed of subsystems, which are physically and geographically separated. Examples of such systems are the distributed computer systems with various hosts geographically located; the wireless systems with a number of base and subscriber stations geographically separated; the satellite constellations, the military battlefields and so on. Such systems have, in many cases, been studied by use of Local Simulation (LS), in other words, a simulation run by a single host, or by use of Distributed Simulation (DS) in which the simulation system is divided into a number of federates, run by separate hosts for the scope of obtaining resource scalability and simulator reusability. In this paper, the DS approach is seen from a different point of view: a way to give higher representativeness to the simulation of inherently distributed systems. The approach consists of locating the federates in the same geographic positions of the subsystems that are designed to become part of the inherently distributed system. In this way, the distributed system can be studied in a very realistic way before being implemented. In this paper the problems and the advantages of this new DS approach are discussed and the technology is presented that supports and facilitates its introduction.}, keywords = {Computer simulation, Distributed approaches, Distributed simulations, HLA, Military battlefields, Reusability, Satellite constellations, Separation, Simulation in-the-loop, Simulation representativeness, Subscriber stations}, isbn = {9781617382048}, issn = {07359276}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887064085\&partnerID=40\&md5=08dc921115e86c196b23a970cead2f1d}, author = {Iazeolla, G. and Pieroni, A. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D.} } @conference {Iazeolla2010, title = {A distributed approach to the simulation of inherently distributed systems}, booktitle = {Spring Simulation Multiconference 2010, SpringSim{\textquoteright}10}, year = {2010}, note = {cited By 3}, abstract = {Inherently distributed systems are systems that are distributed by their own nature; in other words, they are composed of subsystems, which are physically and geographically separated. Examples of such systems are the distributed computer systems with various hosts geographically located; the wireless systems with a number of base and subscriber stations geographically separated; the satellite constellations, the military battlefields and so on. Such systems have, in many cases, been studied by use of Local Simulation (LS), in other words, a simulation run by a single host, or by use of Distributed Simulation (DS) in which the simulation system is divided into a number of federates, run by separate hosts for the scope of obtaining resource scalability and simulator reusability. In this paper, the DS approach is seen from a different point of view: a way to give higher representativeness to the simulation of inherently distributed systems. The approach consists of locating the federates in the same geographic positions of the subsystems that are designed to become part of the inherently distributed system. In this way, the distributed system can be studied in a very realistic way before being implemented. In this paper the problems and the advantages of this new DS approach are discussed and the technology is presented that supports and facilitates its introduction. {\textcopyright} 2010 SCS.}, keywords = {Distributed approaches, Distributed computer systems, Distributed simulations, Distributed systems, HLA, Network security, Reusability, Satellite constellations, Simulation in-the-loop, Simulation representativeness, Simulation systems, Subscriber stations, Wireless systems}, isbn = {9781450300698}, doi = {10.1145/1878537.1878675}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650620361\&partnerID=40\&md5=2f9f3dded848b3a4a02c6b3a7b5e898c}, author = {Iazeolla, G. and Pieroni, A. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D.} } @conference {Iazeolla2010252, title = {A distributed approach to wireless system simulation}, booktitle = {6th Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications, AICT 2010}, year = {2010}, note = {cited By 4}, pages = {252-262}, abstract = {Many papers have been published that present simulation results for wireless systems, including WiMAX. All such papers do not deal with wireless simulation approaches, and simulation is only seen as a side-means to produce numerical results. This paper does not present simulation numerical predictions. It instead deals with new simulation approaches for wireless systems and presents simulation software technologies. From the approach point of view, the "local" versus the "distributed" simulation approach is investigated to wireless systems. From the technology point of view, two new software tools are presented, for a step forward with respect to existing tools to ease the development of distributed simulation systems. The tools consist of a new distributed simulation environment (wDSEnv) and a new distributed simulation language (wDSLang). Such tools are described and a detailed WiMAX local and distributed simulation example is developed. {\textcopyright} 2010 IEEE.}, keywords = {Computer simulation languages, Computer software, Distributed approaches, Distributed simulation environments, Distributed simulation systems, Distributed simulations, Fuzzy control, IEEE 802.16, Interoperability, Numerical analysis, Numerical predictions, Numerical results, Simulation approach, Simulation result, Simulation software, Software tool, Wimax, WiMax wireless, Wireless simulation, Wireless systems}, isbn = {9780769540214}, doi = {10.1109/AICT.2010.66}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955389670\&partnerID=40\&md5=b2c180074951949ca03eb646f638f842}, author = {Iazeolla, G. and Pieroni, A. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D.} } @conference {Gianni201031, title = {A methodology to predict the performance of distributed simulations}, booktitle = {Proceedings - Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation, PADS}, year = {2010}, note = {cited By 5}, pages = {31-39}, abstract = {Predicting the time-performance of a Distributed Simulation (DS) system may be of interest to evaluate system alternatives during the development cycle, before the system is implemented. In this paper, we introduce a methodology to predict the execution time of a DS system during its design phase. The methodology is based on a model-building approach that, basing on the design documents of the DS system, first produces its performance model and then evaluates it. The model includes components such as middleware to use (e.g., the HLA RTI), the set of DS execution hosts and the set of host interconnection networks. The methodology is applied to determine whether or not producing the distributed simulator of a given system may be advantageous in terms of execution time with respect to a conventional local simulator. An example use of the methodology is presented and validated by a comparison of the time-prediction with the actual execution time of the implemented DS system. {\textcopyright} 2010 IEEE.}, keywords = {Building performance, Computer simulation, Design documents, Design phase, Development cycle, Distributed simulations, Execution time, Forecasting, Middleware, Model buildings, Performance Model, Simulation model}, isbn = {9781424472918}, doi = {10.1109/PADS.2010.5471669}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954092922\&partnerID=40\&md5=2d68a6f0b45ad790df832f3da1a2ad43}, author = {Gianni, D. and Iazeolla, G. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio} } @conference {Gianni2009, title = {Dissimjade: A framework for the development of agent-based distributed simulation systems}, booktitle = {SIMUTools 2009 - 2nd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques}, year = {2009}, note = {cited By 6}, publisher = {ICST}, organization = {ICST}, abstract = {The adoption of an agent-based approach that incorporates intelligence, adaptation and learning abilities has proved to significantly increase the realism and the accuracy of the simulation. Simulation systems of such a kind, however, require computational resources that might be considerable for a single agent, so to become unfeasible when the number of simulated agents scales up. A distributed environment is thus needed to allow the execution of such simulation systems, particularly in the case of scenarios populated by a large number of agents. Building an agent-based distributed simulation system, however, requires both specific expertise and knowledge of distributed simulation standards and a non-negligible amount of effort to develop ad-hoc components. This paper introduces a simulation framework named DisSimJADE, which enables the incorporation of distributed simulation facilities into existing agent-based systems. DisSimJADE is built on top of the popular agent-based framework JADE and allows to define agent-based simulation systems that can be transparently executed either in a local or distributed, therefore bringing significant savings in terms of effort and development time. In addition, DisSimJADE provides a uniform interface to the JADE framework, which further facilitates the production of distributed simulation systems to developers of JADE-based multi-agent systems.}, keywords = {Agent based simulation, Discrete event simulation, Distributed computer systems, Distributed simulations, Framework, HLA, Intelligent agents, JADE, Multi agent systems, Silicate minerals}, isbn = {9789639799455}, doi = {10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2009.5725}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922896723\&partnerID=40\&md5=2916ed218703e0d34cb973b665080ff4}, author = {Gianni, D. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Iazeolla, G.}, editor = {Stea G., Dalle O., Perrone L.F., Wainer G.} } @conference {D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio2008460, title = {Distributed simulation of complex systems by use of an HLA-transparent simulation language}, booktitle = {2008 Asia Simulation Conference - 7th International Conference on System Simulation and Scientific Computing, ICSC 2008}, year = {2008}, note = {cited By 5}, pages = {460-467}, abstract = {The continuously decreasing cost of distributed systems gives academics and industry the advantage of using larger execution platforms and of reusing locally implemented software components. This is particularly true for the simulation of complex systems where the computational resources needed considerably increase with the model resolution and with the number of simulated entities. The development of such simulation systems, however, requires extra efforts compared to the conventional local ones. Example extra efforts are learning how to use the Distributed Simulation (DS) Standard (such as HLA) and the development of extra software for the synchronization and communication between the local and distributed environment. In this paper, we address the problem of defining a simulation language that can transparently support the development distributed simulation systems, by making the use of the DS standard transparent and also reducing the amount of extra software. The HLA transparent language we introduce is named jEQN, being Java-based and dealing with Extended Queueing Networks domains. The language approach, however, can be easily extended to any other DS Standard and modelling domain. {\textcopyright} 2008 IEEE.}, keywords = {Complex systems, Computational resources, Computer simulation languages, Computer software, Dielectric relaxation, Distributed environments, Distributed simulation systems, Distributed simulations, Distributed systems, Do-mains, Java programming language, Large scale systems, Linguistics, Model resolutions, Queueing networks, Simulation languages, Simulation systems, Software components, Standardization, Standards}, isbn = {9781424417872}, doi = {10.1109/ASC-ICSC.2008.4675405}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58049176462\&partnerID=40\&md5=9610842bfbbce4f9f21f913927ec00c1}, author = {Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D. and Iazeolla, G. and Pieroni, A.} } @conference {Gianni2008, title = {A layered architecture for the model-driven development of distributed simulators}, booktitle = {SIMUTools 2008 - 1st International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques for Communications, Networks and Systems}, year = {2008}, note = {cited By 12}, publisher = {ICST}, organization = {ICST}, abstract = {The development of a distributed simulator requires knowledge and skills that might be unavailable or difficult to acquire. Bringing model-driven approaches to the development of distributed simulators contributes to reduce both the need for specific skills and the development effort. To support this innovative development methodology, we introduce a layered simulation architecture named SimArch that allows to define simulation models that can be transparently transformed into simulation programs ready to be executed in a distributed (or local) mode. SimArch defines layers of services at increasing levels of abstraction on top of the execution environment, thus allowing developers to build distributed simulators without explicit knowledge about the execution environment (local/distributed) and the specific distributed simulation infrastructure (e.g., HLA). In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, SimArch has been provided with an Extended Queueing Network (EQN) simulation language, which has been applied to the development of an example distributed simulator in the computer network domain. Copyright {\textcopyright} 200F ICST 978-963-9799-20-2.}, keywords = {Computational linguistics, Computer networks, Computer simulation languages, Development methodology, Distributed computer systems, Distributed simulations, Execution environments, HLA, Model driven development, Network architecture, Network simulation, Queueing networks, Simulation architecture, Simulation framework, Simulators}, isbn = {9789639799233}, doi = {10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2008.3071}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923272498\&partnerID=40\&md5=512ca53ab563e55634811dc6f2c01695}, author = {Gianni, D. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Iazeolla, G.}, editor = {Heath J., Molnar S.} } @article {Gianni200776, title = {A language to enable distributed simulation of extended queueing networks}, journal = {Journal of Computers (Finland)}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, note = {cited By 15}, pages = {76-86}, abstract = {Distributed simulators are increasingly being used for their intrinsic advantages in terms of reusability, fault tolerance, performance, and geographic distribution. The development of a distributed simulator, however, requires significant investments in terms of effort if compared to the development of traditional local simulators. This paper introduces jEQN, a Java-based language that significantly reduces the extra effort needed to develop a distributed simulator of extended queueing networks (EQNs), by enabling simulator developers to build distributed simulators as they were to be locally executed. By use of jEQN, simulator developers are enabled to easily switch from a local to a distributed version of an EQN simulator by only modifying few statements of the given local simulator. Moreover, these statements can be easily inferred by a very intuitive graphical procedure. The paper illustrates both the jEQN architecture, based on a layered approach, and the implementation details that contribute to achieve the above mentioned advantages. {\textcopyright} 2007 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.}, keywords = {Computer simulation languages, Distributed simulations, Fault tolerance, Geographic distribution, High level architecture, Java programming language, Queueing networks, Reusability, Simulators, Software architecture}, issn = {1796203X}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50149099857\&partnerID=40\&md5=5715034653b5f3887aceb678fc9e510d}, author = {Gianni, D. and Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio} } @conference {D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio2007210, title = {Software technologies for the interoperability and reusability of distributed simulators}, booktitle = {SISO European Simulation Interoperability Workshop 2007, EURO SIW 2007}, year = {2007}, note = {cited By 2}, pages = {210-219}, abstract = {Giving interoperability and reusability capabilities to distributed simulators is fundamental to the widespread use of distributed simulation. The HLA standard has introduced considerable improvements with respect to previous standards, though it suffers from shortcomings such as (1) lack of interoperability among different IEEE-compliant implementations, (2) no support to the adaptation and integration of individual federates and (3) poor reusability, which is limited to entire federates only. In this paper, we present two independent technologies that overcome such shortcomings. The first technology consists of a CORBA-HLA architecture that overcomes limitation (1), the second technology is a new development framework called SimJ that overcomes limitations (2) and (3). The CORBA-HLA architecture decouples federates from the specific HLA implementation so that federates can be effortlessly run on top of any HLA implementation that exposes services through an IEEE-complaint IDL interface. The SimJ framework eases the development of individual federates by providing a uniform and standard interface for local and distributed simulators, and makes it possible the reuse of components smaller than entire federates in both local and distributed simulators.}, keywords = {Adaptability, Common object request broker architecture (CORBA), Computer architecture, Computer software reusability, Distributed simulations, Framework, HLA, Interoperability, Middleware, Reusability, Simulators, Software technology, Standard interface, Technology}, isbn = {9781615671700}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865354509\&partnerID=40\&md5=3cad39842c91176c439ae7bf7e6b17a1}, author = {Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D. and Iazeolla, G.} } @conference {D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio2006149, title = {SimJ: A framework to develop distributed simulators}, booktitle = {Summer Computer Simulation Conference 2006, SCSC{\textquoteright}06, Part of the 2006 Summer Simulation Multiconference, SummerSim{\textquoteright}06}, year = {2006}, note = {cited By 10}, pages = {149-156}, abstract = {A distributed simulation (DS) is based on the use of several simulators distributed over a network infrastructure. Existing DS standards (e.g., HLA) only specify distribution services without giving support for developing individual simulators in a way to be compliant to the given standard. Traditionally, the development of individual simulators was facilitated by use of simulation languages (e.g., Csim, Arena, Extend, Modline, etc.) which however do not provide support to obtain interaction according to a given DS standard. The extension of such languages to include DS support is very problematic, especially in case of proprietary languages. For these reasons, the development of DS-compliant individual simulators is mostly done by use of standard programming languages (e.g., C, Java, etc.) with the additional effort of developing simulation mechanisms, model components and interfaces to the DS standard. This paper introduces SimJ, a Java library that minimizes such efforts, so that simulators can be developed as to be run on a single local host and can then be partitioned to be run over a set of networked hosts according to a given DS standard. The simulators SimJ addresses are discreteevent simulators (DES) and are easily portable to different DS standards. The paper illustrates the design guidelines of SimJ and presents an example use based on the HLA DS standard.}, keywords = {C (programming language), Computer simulation languages, Discrete event simulation, Discrete-event simulators, Distributed simulations, Distribution services, HLA, Java, Java library, Model components, Network infrastructure, Simulation mechanisms, Simulators, Standard programming language, Standardization}, isbn = {9781622763528}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50149099672\&partnerID=40\&md5=d2720c3ec54b8e318b0231b9ab847d3a}, author = {Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D. and Iazeolla, G.} } @article {D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio2004696, title = {Using CORBA to enhance HLA interoperability in distributed and web-based simulation}, journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)}, volume = {3280}, year = {2004}, note = {cited By 8}, pages = {696-705}, abstract = {In distributed simulation, various simulation programs, or else components of a given simulation program, interact as elements of a simulation-oriented distributed computation. The High Level Architecture (HLA) is a standardization effort that provides a general framework for promoting interoperability and reusability in the simulation field. When applied to distributed simulation HLA shows some drawbacks that limit the desired degree of interoperability and reusability. This paper proposes a CORBA-based approach to overcome such drawbacks and improve HLA capabilities. The paper also illustrates how to combine the use of HLA and CORBA for Web-based simulation, which is the extension of distributed simulation to Web-based network infrastructures. {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag 2004.}, keywords = {Cold rolling, Common object request broker architecture (CORBA), Computer software reusability, Distributed computations, Distributed simulations, High level architecture, Interoperability, Network infrastructure, Reusability, Simulation program, Web based, Web-based simulations, Websites}, issn = {03029743}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35048819478\&partnerID=40\&md5=c82459b12703bfc7d078f01abef2a9c5}, author = {Andrea D{\textquoteright}Ambrogio and Gianni, D.} }